The need to know principle states that a process should only have access to those objects it needs to accomplish its task, and furthermore only in the modes for.

adjective

• Denoting or relating to a principle or policy of telling people only what is deemed necessary for them to know in order to carry out a task effectively.

  ‘chemical principles are then introduced on a need-to-know basis’

  • ‘It's one thing to release facts on a need-to-know basis; it's another to withhold information just for the sake of it.’
  • ‘The script metes out information on a strictly need-to-know basis, and yet by the end we still haven't been filled in completely.’
  • ‘Although we worked on a need-to-know basis, when she asked for names and specific details, she got them.’
  • ‘Loyal and fiercely ambitious, she only sparingly shared need-to-know information with her own colleagues.’
  • ‘The operating system provides a means of tightly restricting the capabilities of user applications and system services to a strict need-to-know authorization.’
  • ‘Put simply, the computer responds in a need-to-know fashion during a database search, providing information only if the user conducting the search holds the required federal or legal clearances.’
  • ‘In an ideal world, restricted information would be encrypted and available only on a need-to-know basis.’
  • ‘The information focused on need-to-know issues.’
  • ‘The designated command representative can certify that the person receiving the course has the appropriate need-to-know and security classification.’
  • ‘'I still believe that the information was being released on a drip, drip and a need-to-know basis.'’

This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( October 2015) The term ' need to know', when used by and other organizations (particularly those related to the or ), describes the restriction of data which is considered very sensitive. Under need-to-know restrictions, even if one has all the necessary official approvals (such as a ) to access certain information, one would not be given access to such information, or a, unless one has a specific need to know; that is, access to the information must be necessary for one to conduct one's official duties.

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This term also includes anyone that the people with the knowledge deemed necessary to share it with.As with most security mechanisms, the aim is to make it difficult for unauthorized access to occur, without inconveniencing legitimate access. Need-to-know also aims to discourage ' of sensitive material by limiting access to the smallest possible number of people.

Contents.Examples The in 1944 is an example of a need-to-know restriction. Though thousands of military personnel were involved in planning the invasion, only a small number of them knew the entire scope of the operation; the rest were only informed of data needed to complete a small part of the plan. The same is true of the, the first test of a nuclear weapon in 1945.Problems and criticism Like other security measures, need to know can be misused by persons who wish to refuse others access to information they hold in an attempt to increase their personal power, prevent unwelcome review of their work, prevent embarrassment resulting from actions or thoughts.Need to know can also be invoked to hide extra-legal activities.

This may be considered a necessary useor a detrimental abuse of such a policy when considered from different perspectives.Need to know can be detrimental to workers' efficiency. The speed of computations with IBM at dramatically increased after the calculators' operators were told what the numbers meant:What they had to do was work on IBM machines - punching holes, numbers that they didn't understand.

Nobody told them what it was. The thing was going very slowly. I said that the first thing there has to be is that these technical guys know what we're doing. Went and talked to the security and got special permission so I could give a nice lecture about what we were doing, and they were all excited: 'We're fighting a war! We see what it is!' They knew what the numbers meant.

If the pressure came out higher, that meant there was more energy released, and so on and so on. They knew what they were doing.Complete transformation! They began to invent ways of doing it better. They improved the scheme.

They worked at night. They didn't need supervising in the night; they didn't need anything. They understood everything; they invented several of the programs that we used. —, In computer technology The mechanisms of some can be used to enforce need to know. In this case, the owner of a file determines whether another person should have access. Need to know is often concurrently applied with schemes, in which the lack of an official approval (such as a clearance) may absolutely prohibit a person from accessing the information. This is because need to know can be a subjective assessment.

Mandatory access control schemes can also audit accesses, in order to determine if need to know has been violated.The term is also used in the concept of design where computers are controlling complex equipment such as airplanes. In this usage, when many different pieces of data are dynamically competing for finite space, safety-related messages are given priority.See also.References.

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